6.Anthony Clark — Direct/Cross

ANTHONY CLARK: I obtained my bachelor in science degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. I did the two years of animal research before moving on to Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. I graduated from the college, and traveled to New Britain General Hospital in New Britain, Connecticut, and did a two-year general surgical internship.

I then went to the Hartford Hospital in Hartford, Connecticut, did four years of anatomic and clinical pathology. I then traveled from that program down to Atlanta, Georgia, where I did a two-year forensic pathology fellowship at the Fulton County Medical Examiner's Office, in association with Emory University.

I am board certified in anatomic and forensic pathology. I have medical licenses both in the state of Georgia and Florida.

ANTHONY CLARK: As part of the examination, particularly in gunshot wounds, we like to know whether the bullets are still in the body or how big -- how badly would they have broken up, etc., so we do X-rays. And this X-ray -- this is an X-ray of the head. You can see the top of the head here, the jaw, right side, left side. And these really bright spots here and here are the bullets that we recovered from this individual.

They come out -- because they're very dense, the X-rays bounce off and turn them -- turn them white. Just like bone is fairly dense. These are the bullets here. Here and here.

ANTHONY CLARK: This is actually the identification photograph of the individual. we like to get them cleaned up. we'll put the identifying tag underneath their chin, the case number, the date, and usually my initials.

And you can see that there has been quite a bit of damage here, particularly the left side of the face. we have a gunshot wound here that's labeled No. 1 in the autopsy report. And this is No. 2 -- labeled No. 2 in the autopsy report.

ANTHONY CLARK: So this is what I call gunshot wound No. 2. And you can see it's quite irregular, it's not a nice round hole you like to see. But the way it hit the bone, it caused a lot of damage and tearing in this area here. You can see that there's some -- I'm going to call raccoon eyes, or hemorrhage around the eyes. There's quite a bit of swelling going on here.

Also, in this area here, you see a lot of minor -- superficial abrasions that vary in size. Some are much bigger. Some are small. You can see it's all over the cheek here and the ear and the side of the neck here. This is what we call pseudo-stippling. And this usually happens after the bullet goes through a door, or a window, or hits concrete and causes those items, the glass, or the wood, or the concrete, to splinter and cause small particles to fall out -- to fall -- to -- to shoot out and hit the individual's skin.

So this isn't true stippling, which is due to gun powder. we'll see an example of that in a minute. So we have a large area of pseudo-stippling around the left side of the face, left side neck, and ear.

ANTHONY CLARK: That, to me, is -- suggested that that arm was up near the gun when it was discharged. That's at one point in time. And, most likely, the one gunshot wound that went to the center of the head here, that arm was up in a defensive-type thing, or a reaction-type thing.

And the soot -- the stippling is actually not from the barrel. But when you're talking about a revolver, you have a cylinder, where the bullets are, you have a space between the cylinder and the barrel, it's called a cylinder gap. And soot and gunpowder can come out of the cylinder gap and cause this kind of pattern.

ANTHONY CLARK: Yes. After discussion the -- discussions with the investigators, and looking at the scene photographs, the first shot went through the closed car window. So the first shot would have been to the left cheek area, which traveled from the left cheek, just before the left ear, hitting soft tissues, fracturing the jaw, fracturing the left cheekbone. Again, this is maybe slightly incapacitating, maybe stunned him, but would not immediately put his lights out. Okay. So that is where all the pseudo-stippling is coming from, from that glass shattering.

The glass is not there anymore. The second shot was to the forehead where the actual gunpowder can strike the skin and the hand was raised somehow in the vicinity of that cylinder gap.